Javad Harati; Gholamreza Zamanian; Hojat Tagizadeh
Abstract
Energy, one of the most essential and important factors of production and the final product, has an important role in the growth and economic development. This research examines the dynamic relationship between financial development and energy consumption based on GMM estimation in 53 developing countries ...
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Energy, one of the most essential and important factors of production and the final product, has an important role in the growth and economic development. This research examines the dynamic relationship between financial development and energy consumption based on GMM estimation in 53 developing countries and 47 advanced countries over the period 2000-2014. The results showed the positive impact of direct foreign investment and national income on energy consumption in the two groups of countries. Energy prices had a completely opposite effect on energy consumption in developing and advanced countries. The results also indicated that in both developed and advanced countries the money market plays a more effective role in reducing energy consumption in comparison with the capital markets. While the effect of financial development through the money market on energy consumption is U- inverse shape in both groups of countries, this effect through the capital market is U-shape and U-shape inverse for developing countries and advanced countries, respectively. These results might have important policy implications for energy management policymakers and authorities to achieve sustainable development in different countries.
Madjid Hatefi Madjumerd; gholamreza zamanian; Mohammad Nabi Shahiki Tash
Abstract
The present study aims to interpret equity premium puzzle based on the bubble risk approach in Iran’s securities market for the period 1996:09-2016:10. To this end, discovery of bubbles, estimation of the Epstein-Zin Preferences function, and interpretation of equity premium are examined. After ...
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The present study aims to interpret equity premium puzzle based on the bubble risk approach in Iran’s securities market for the period 1996:09-2016:10. To this end, discovery of bubbles, estimation of the Epstein-Zin Preferences function, and interpretation of equity premium are examined. After that, RTADF tests are used to discover bubbles and date their stamping. Research results indicate that the securities market has experienced six bubble periods and has not had bubble in 65 percent of the period. In addition, the Epstein- Zin Preferences function of this study is estimated using GMM method. In this stage, estimation of elasticity of intertemporal substitution parameter is very important since it is expected that the risk of bubble is used to describe a part of stock market’s risk. Results of the study indicate that market bubbles have boosted risk factors in the securities market. In addition, economic factors in the securities market of Iran are substantially risk averse. Findings show that based on the traditional approach, a comprehensive interpretation of equity premium puzzle could not be presented; while the new approach can ascertain 90 percent of equity premium.
